Design and Fabrication of an X-Band Low Noise Amplifier Using FR-4 for Military Radar and Ground Station Receiver Applications

The low noise amplifier (LNA) plays an important role in the radiofrequency receiver front-ends, its main function is to amplify weak receiving signal from ground noise, as well improving sensitivity. For LNAs which operate frequencies higher than S-band, printed circuit board (PCB) with high cost substrate materials have been used almost designs so far, thus increasing total price of entire unit. This paper introduces a new approach, LNA has designed using FR-4 material, common, low-cost PCB fabrication. proposed will maintain quality all parameters such gain, figure compared by material substrates. stepped impedance matching technique order reach balance between dimension and efficiency. frequency range lies within X-band, suitable for military RADAR applications. Furthermore, it possible apply desired station front-ends Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Observation Satellite system